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Anisotropic radiation-induced segregation in 316L austenitic stainless steel with grain boundary character

Acta Materialia

Barr, Christopher M.; Vetterick, Gregory A.; Unocic, Kinga A.; Hattar, Khalid M.; Bai, Xian M.; Taheri, Mitra L.

Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) and subsequent depletion of chromium along grain boundaries has been shown to be an important factor in irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking in austenitic face-centered cubic (fcc)-based alloys used for nuclear energy systems. A full understanding of RIS requires examination of the effect of the grain boundary character on the segregation process. Understanding how specific grain boundary structures respond under irradiation would assist in developing or designing alloys that are more efficient at removing point defects, or reducing the overall rate of deleterious Cr segregation. This study shows that solute segregation is dependent not only on grain boundary misorientation, but also on the grain boundary plane, as highlighted by markedly different segregation behavior for the Σ3 incoherent and coherent grain boundaries. The link between RIS and atomistic modeling is also explored through molecular dynamic simulations of the interaction of vacancies at different grain boundary structures through defect energetics in a simple model system. A key insight from the coupled experimental RIS measurements and corresponding defect-grain boundary modeling is that grain boundary-vacancy formation energy may have a critical threshold value related to the major alloying elements' solute segregation. © 2013 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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TYPE Journal Article YEAR 2014
ScopusOSTI

Synthesis and characterization of solvothermal processed calcium tungstate nanomaterials from alkoxide precursors

Chemistry of Materials

Boyle, Timothy J.; Yang, Pin Y.; Hattar, Khalid M.; Hernandez-Sanchez, Bernadette A.; Neville, Michael L.; Pratt, Sarah H.

An evaluation of calcium tungsten oxide (CaWO4) nanoparticles' properties was conducted using the powders generated from an all-alkoxide solvothermal (SOLVO) route. The reaction involved a toluene/pyridine mixture of tungsten(V) ethoxide ([W(OEt)5]) with calcium bis(trimethyl silyl) amide ([Ca(N(Si(CH3)3)2]) modified in situ by a series of alcohols (H-OR) including neo-pentanol (H-OCH2C(CH 3)3 or H-ONep) or sterically varied aryl alcohols (H-OC6H3R2-2,6 where R = CH3 (H-DMP), CH(CH3)2 (H-DIP), C(CH3)3 (DBP))]. Attempts to identify the intermediates generated from this series of reactions led to the crystallographic identification of [(OEt) 4W(μ-OEt)2Ca(DBP)2] (1). Each different SOLVO generated "initial" powder was found by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to be nanomaterials roughly assigned as the scheelite phase (PDF 00-041-1431); however, these initial powders displayed no luminescent behavior as determined by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Thermal processing of these powders at 450, 650, and 750 C yielded progressively larger and more crystalline scheelite nanoparticles. Both PL and cathodoluminescent (CL) emission (422-425 and 429 nm, respectively) were observed for the nanomaterials processed at 750 C. Ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL, 478 nm) appeared to be in agreement with these PL and CL measurements. Further processing of the materials at 1000 C, led to a coalescence of the particles and significant improvement in the observed PL (445 nm) and CL measurements; however, the IBIL spectrum of this material was significantly altered upon exposure. These data suggest that the smaller nanoparticles were more stable to radiation effects possibly due to the lack of energy deposits based on the short track length; whereas the larger particles appear to suffer from radiation induced structural defects. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

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TYPE Journal Article YEAR 2014
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Results 376–400 of 527
Results 376–400 of 527