Mobile sources is a term most commonly used to describe radioactive sources that are used in applications requiring frequent transportation. Such radioactive sources are in common use world-wide where typical applications include radiographic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and oil and gas well logging, among others requiring lesser amounts of radioactivity. This report provides a general overview of mobile sources used for well logging and industrial radiography applications including radionuclides used, equipment, and alternative technologies. Information presented here has been extracted from a larger study on common mobile radiation sources and their use.
This document represents the results of deliverable D05.02 (Identify relevant efforts at SNL and other institutions) under the activity area Relevant Efforts Review. The goal of the Relevant Efforts Review activity is to identify relevant data integration efforts at SNL and possibly other institutions and compile lessons learned that are relevant to the development of a framework for data integration efforts in support of analysts and decision makers. The intent of this activity is to provide, by examples, context of how the requirements-gathering process has already been implemented in other instances and to guide the development of such a process for OCIA's needs. Information for this report was gathered through SNL staff interviews and the team members' knowledge and project experiences.
Traditional (macro-) economic impact analysis has a role in the long-run analysis of the effects of changes in resilience, since in the long-run the economy adjusts to the microeconomic impacts through various mechanisms (Kunreuther & Roth, 1998). However, measures of economic health, growth, or expansion are not sufficient for measuring resilience. The majority of infrastructure in the United States is privately owned and operated or is managed through some private-public arrangement. Most effects from changes in resilience should be assessed through short-run microeconomic analysis since the actions of firms will be spurred by internal economic decisionmaking that will have immediate impacts on local economies. Any forthcoming efforts to include resilience in the economic impacts of long duration EP outages must accommodate the private and simultaneously public nature of the EP infrastructure as well as its role as lifeline infrastructure. Resilience metrics and methodologies will only be helpful to stakeholders if these metrics help them understand the value of improvements to the resilience of communities, infrastructures, or industries. In their paper, Schellenberg et al. (2018) have provided a well thought out "lay of the lane of the common methods of estimating the economic costs of EP disruptions, which includes discussion of the difference between costs of outage and regional economic modeling, strengths and weaknesses of methods, the difficulty in incorporating resilience, data collection and availability issues, and recommendations for future research.
The importance of the High Plains Aquifer is broadly recognized as is its vulnerability to continued overuse. T his study e xplore s how continued depletions of the High Plains Aquifer might impact both critical infrastructure and the economy at the local, r egional , and national scale. This analysis is conducted at the county level over a broad geographic region within the states of Kansas and Nebraska. In total , 140 counties that overlie the High Plains Aquifer in these two states are analyzed. The analysis utilizes future climate projections to estimate crop production. Current water use and management practices are projected into the future to explore their related impact on the High Plains Aquifer , barring any changes in water management practices, regulat ion, or policy. Finally, the impact of declining water levels and even exhaustion of groundwater resources are projected for specific sectors of the economy as well as particular elements of the region's critical infrastructure.