Publications

Mulder, John M.; King, Michael A.; Urrea, Jorge M.; Clements, Abraham A.; Learn, Mark W.; Van Houten, Jonathan R.

Abstract not provided.

Mulder, John M.; Schwartz, Moses D.; Berg, Michael J.; Van Houten, Jonathan R.; Urrea, Jorge M.; Clements, Abraham A.; Depoy, Jennifer M.; Jacob, Joshua J.

Critical infrastructures, such as electrical power plants and oil refineries, rely on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to control essential processes. State of the art security cannot detect attacks on PLCs at the hardware or firmware level. This renders critical infrastructure control systems vulnerable to costly and dangerous attacks. WeaselBoard is a PLC backplane analysis system that connects directly to the PLC backplane to capture backplane communications between modules. WeaselBoard forwards inter-module traffic to an external analysis system that detects changes to process control settings, sensor values, module configuration information, firmware updates, and process control program (logic) updates. WeaselBoard provides zero-day exploit detection for PLCs by detecting changes in the PLC and the process. This approach to PLC monitoring is protected under U.S. Patent Application 13/947,887.

Mulder, John M.; Schwartz, Moses D.; Berg, Michael J.; Van Houten, Jonathan R.; Urrea, Jorge M.; Pease, Alex N.

Abstract not provided.

Mulder, John M.; Schwartz, Moses D.; Berg, Michael J.; Van Houten, Jonathan R.; Urrea, Jorge M.; Pease, Alex N.

Abstract not provided.

Gallegos, Daniel E.; Welch, Benjamin J.; Jarosz, Jason P.; Van Houten, Jonathan R.; Learn, Mark W.

Node-based architecture (NBA) designs for future satellite projects hold the promise of decreasing system development time and costs, size, weight, and power and positioning the laboratory to address other emerging mission opportunities quickly. Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based modules will comprise the core of several of the NBA nodes. Microprocessing capabilities will be necessary with varying degrees of mission-specific performance requirements on these nodes. To enable the flexibility of these reconfigurable nodes, it is advantageous to incorporate the microprocessor into the FPGA itself, either as a hardcore processor built into the FPGA or as a soft-core processor built out of FPGA elements. This document describes the evaluation of three reconfigurable FPGA based processors for use in future NBA systems--two soft cores (MicroBlaze and non-fault-tolerant LEON) and one hard core (PowerPC 405). Two standard performance benchmark applications were developed for each processor. The first, Dhrystone, is a fixed-point operation metric. The second, Whetstone, is a floating-point operation metric. Several trials were run at varying code locations, loop counts, processor speeds, and cache configurations. FPGA resource utilization was recorded for each configuration. Cache configurations impacted the results greatly; for optimal processor efficiency it is necessary to enable caches on the processors. Processor caches carry a penalty; cache error mitigation is necessary when operating in a radiation environment.