Publications

Time-resolved two-tone frequency modulation (TTFM) absorption spectroscopy has been used to measure, in situ and quantitatively, hydroperoxy (HO₂) radical in fuel oxidation reactions at the first overtone transitions (2v₁) of HO₂ near 1509nm. Typical HO₂ detection limit is on the order of 10¹¹ molecule cm^-3, which corresponds to a relative absorption of 10^-5. TTFM method successfully removes low frequency thermal lensing noise in measured HO₂ kinetic time traces, which is a general noise source in fuel oxidation absorption experiments. Compared with previous works, we have upgraded the TTFM experiment with a NIR distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser, a fiber-coupled broadband phase modulator, and a two-channel wave generator, which have improve the performance of our experiment substantially.