Naughton, Brian T.; Jimenez, Tony J.; Preus, Robert P.; Summerville, Brent S.; Whipple, Bradley W.; Reen, Dylan R.; Gentle, Jake G.; Lang, Eric J.
This document aims to provide guidance on the design and operation of deployable wind systems that provide maximum value to missions in defense and disaster relief. Common characteristics of these missions are shorter planning and execution time horizons and a global scope of potential locations. Compared to conventional wind turbine applications, defense and disaster response applications place a premium on rapid shipping and installation, short-duration operation (days to months), and quick teardown upon mission completion. Furthermore, defense and disaster response applications are less concerned with cost of energy than conventional wind turbine applications. These factors impart design drivers that depart from the features found in conventional distributed wind turbines, thus necessitating unique design guidance. The supporting information for this guidance comes from available relevant references, technical analyses, and input from industry and military stakeholders. This document is not intended to be a comprehensive, prescriptive design specification. This document is intended to serve as a written record of an ongoing discussion of stakeholders about the best currently available design guidance for deployable wind turbines to help facilitate the effective development and acquisition of technology solutions to support mission success. The document is generally organized to provide high-level, focused guidance in the main body, with more extensive supporting details available in the referenced appendices. Section 2 begins with a brief qualitative description of the design guidelines being considered for the deployable wind turbines. Section 3 provides an overview of the characteristics of the mobile power systems commonly used in U.S. military missions. Section 4 covers current military and industry standards and specifications that are relevant to a deployable wind turbine design. Section 5 presents the deployable turbine design guidelines for the application cases.
This report presents an analysis of the performance of deployable energy systems comprised of wind energy systems integrated with diesel generators, photovoltaic systems, and battery storage to meet the load requirements of a representative U.S. Army forward operating base. The analysis is conducted using HOMER, a microgrid analysis software that can search through a wide range of parameters to design and optimize microgrid power systems. The search parameters include the system architecture, the wind and solar resources, and the availability of diesel fuel. The results of the analysis measure the relative performance of the different systems and environments in terms of the overall transportation cost to deploy the system and the ability to provide resilience in terms of meeting mission critical loads.
As renewable energy sources are becoming more dominant in electric grids, particularly in micro grids, new approaches for designing, operating, and controlling these systems are required. The integration of renewable energy devices such as photovoltaics and wind turbines require system design considerations to mitigate potential power quality issues caused by highly variable generation. Power system simulations play an important role in understanding stability and performance of electrical power systems. This paper discusses the modeling of the Global Laboratory for Energy Asset Management and Manufacturing (GLEAMM) micro grid integrated with the Sandia National Laboratories Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) test site, providing a dynamic simulation model for power flow and transient stability analysis. A description of the system as well as the dynamic models is presented.
Naughton, Brian T.; Preus, Robert P.; Jimenez, Tony J.; Whipple, Brad W.; Gentle, Jake G.
This report is the first public deliverable from the Defense and Disaster Deployable Turbine project, funded through the distributed wind portfolio of the U.S. Department of Energy Wind Energy Technologies Office. The objective of the project is to explore the opportunity for deployable turbine technologies to meet the operational energy needs of the U.S. military and global disaster response efforts. This report provides a market assessment that was conducted over a year using public reports, presentations at topical conferences, and direct stakeholder engagement interviews with both military and industry representatives. It begins with the high- level operational energy strategy of the Department of Defense that provides the context for alternatives to diesel fuel to meet energy needs. The report then provides an estimate of the energy use of the military in missions where a deployable turbine could potentially serve as an alternative to the baseline use of diesel fuel in generators to provide electricity in remote locations. An overview of domestic and international disaster response is provided with a focus on the role of the military in providing energy to those events. Finally, the report summarizes the technical considerations that would enable a deployable turbine to meet military and disaster response energy needs including the global wind resource, the technical design of the turbine, and the operational constraints of various military missions.
The National Rotor Testbed (NRT) design verification experiment is the first test of the new NRT blades retrofitted to the existing Vestas V27 hub and nacelle operated at the Sandia Scaled Wind Farm Technology (SWiFT) facility. This document lays out a plan for pre-assembly, ground assembly, installation, commissioning, and flight testing the NRT rotor. Its performance will be quantified. Adjustments to torque constant and collective blade pitch will be made to ensure that the tip-speed-ratio and span-wise loading are as close to the NRT design as possible. This will ensure that the NRT creates a scaled wake of the GE 1.5sle turbine. Upon completion of this test, the NRT will be in an operational state, ready for future experiments. Page 3 of 30
The Texas Tech University (TTU) research group is actively studying wind turbine wake development, as part of developing innovative wake control strategies to improve the performance of wind farms. The team has a set of eight ground lidars to perform fiel d measurements at the Sandia National Laboratories SWiFT site. This document describes tests details including configurations, timeframe, hardware, and the required collaboration from the Sandia team. This test plan will facilitate the coordination betw een both TTU and the Sandia team in terms of site accessibility, staff training, and data sharing to meet the specific objectives of the tests. This Page Left Blank
Sandia National Laboratories and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted a wake-steering field campaign at the Scaled Wind Farm Technology facility. The campaign included the use of two highly instrumented V27 wind turbines, an upstream met tower, and high-resolution wake measurements of the upstream wind turbine using a customized scanning lidar from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU). The present work investigates the impact of the upstream wake on the downstream turbine power and blade loads as the wake swept across the rotor in various waked conditions. The wake position was tracked using the DTU SpinnerLidar and synchronized to the met tower and turbine sensors. Fully and partially waked conditions reduced the power output and increased the fatigue loading on the downstream wind turbine. Partial wake impingement was found to result in a 10% increase in fatigue loading over the fully waked condition. Rotational sampling of the blade root bending moments revealed that the fatigue damage accrued during full turbine waking, was primarily caused by turbulence within the wake rather than velocity shear, while the partially waked turbine experienced a large 1-per revolution fatigue due to shear. The development of a power to fatigue load metric curve indicated the wake positions where shifting the wake has the most benefit for the waked turbine.