Publications

Quantitative assessment of environmental phenomena on maximum pit size predictions in marine environments

Katona, Ryan M.; Knight, A.W.; Schindelholz, E.J.; Bryan, Charles R.; Schaller, Rebecca S.; Kelly, R.G.

Maximum pit sizes were predicted for dilute and concentrated NaCl and MgCl2 solutions as well as sea-salt brine solutions corresponding to 40% relative humidity (RH) (MgCl2-rich) and 76% RH (NaCl-rich) at 25 °C. A quantitative method was developed to capture the effects of various cathode evolution phenomena including precipitation and dehydration reactions. Additionally, the sensitivity of the model to input parameters was explored. Despite one's intuition, the highest chloride concentration (roughly 10.3 M Cl−) did not produce the largest predicted pit size as the ohmic drop was more severe in concentrated MgCl2 solutions. Therefore, the largest predicted pits were calculated for saturated NaCl (roughly 5 M Cl−). Next, it was determined that pit size predictions are most sensitive to model input parameters for concentrated brines. However, when the effects of cathodic reactions on brine chemistry are considered, the sensitivity to input parameters is decreased. Although there was not one main input parameter that influenced pit size predictions, two main categories were identified. Under similar chloride concentrations (similar RH), the water layer thickness (WL), and pit stability product, (i·x)sf, are the most influential factors. When varying chloride concentrations (RH), changes in WL, the brine specific cathodic kinetics on the external surface (captured in the equivalent current density (ieq)), and conductivity (κo) are the most influential parameters. Finally, it was noted that dehydration reactions coupled with precipitation in the cathode will have the largest effect on predicted pit size, and cause the most significant inhibition of corrosion damage.