Publications

Monolithically fabricated tunable long-wave infrared detectors based on dynamic graphene metasurfaces

Goldflam, Michael G.; Ruiz, Isaac R.; Howell, S.W.; Tauke-Pedretti, Anna; Anderson, Evan M.; Wendt, J.R.; Finnegan, P.; Hawkins, Samuel D.; Coon, W.; Fortune, Torben R.; Shaner, Eric A.; Kadlec, Clark N.; Olesberg, Jonathon T.; Klem, John F.; Webster, Preston T.; Sinclair, Michael B.; Kim, Jin K.; Peters, D.W.; Beechem, Thomas E.

Here, the design, fabrication, and characterization of an actively tunable long-wave infrared detector, made possible through direct integration of a graphene-enabled metasurface with a conventional type-II superlattice infrared detector, are reported. This structure allows for post-fabrication tuning of the detector spectral response through voltage-induced modification of the carrier density within graphene and, therefore, its plasmonic response. These changes modify the transmittance through the metasurface, which is fabricated monolithically atop the detector, allowing for spectral control of light reaching the detector. Importantly, this structure provides a fabrication-controlled alignment of the metasurface filter to the detector pixel and is entirely solid-state. Using single pixel devices, relative changes in the spectral response exceeding 8% have been realized. These proof-of-concept devices present a path toward solid-state hyperspectral imaging with independent pixel-to-pixel spectral control through a voltage-actuated dynamic response.