Publications
Fracture Formation in Layered Synthetic Rocks with Oriented Mineral Fabric under Mixed Mode I and II Loading Conditions
Anisotropy in the mechanical properties of rock is often attributed to bedding and mineral texture. Here, we use 3D printed synthetic rock to show that, in addition to bedding layers, mineral fabric orientation governs sample strength, surface roughness and fracture path under mixed mode I and II three point bending tests (3PB). Arrester (horizontal layering) and short traverse (vertical layering) samples were printed with different notch locations to compare pure mode I induced fractures to mixed mode I and II fracturing. For a given sample type, the location of the notch affected the intensity of mode II loading, and thus affected the peak failure load and fracture path. When notches were printed at the same location, crack propagation, peak failure load and fracture surface roughness were found to depend on both the layer and mineral fabric orientations. The uniqueness of the induced fracture path and roughness is a potential method for the assessment of the orientation and relative bonding strengths of minerals in a rock. With this information, we will be able to predict isotropic or anisotropic flow rates through fractures which is vital to induced fracturing, geothermal energy production and CO2 sequestration.