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Electron correlation in the second landau level: A competition between many nearly degenerate quantum phases

Xia, J.S.; Pan, Wei P.; Vicente, C.L.; Adams, E.D.; Sullivan, N.S.; Stormer, H.L.; Tsui, D.C.; Pfeiffer, L.N.; Baldwin, K.W.; West, K.W.

The high mobility of two dimensional electron system in the second Landau level was discussed. In the second level, the larger extent of the wave function as compared to the lowest LL and its additional zero allows for a much broader range of electron correlations to be favorable. An example of electron correlations encountered in the second LL is the even-denominator v=2+1/2 fractional quantum hall effect (FQHE) state. With a varying filling factor, it was observed that quantum liquids of different origins compete with several insulating phases leading to an irregular pattern in the transport parameters.