Publications
Development and Advanced Testing of DPC Cement Fillers
The fillers research and development (R&D) program, mostly experimental, is part of a broader R&D program that includes new process modeling and performance assessment of criticality effects and the overall importance of criticality to repository performance (consequence screening). A literature research and consultation effort with experts by Hardin and Brady (2018) identified several potentially effective and workable filler materials including cements (primarily phosphate based), moltenmetal alloys, and low-temperature glasses. Filler attributes were defined, and the preliminary lists were compared qualitatively. Further comparative analysis will be done (e.g., cost estimates) after experimental screening has narrowed the list of alternatives. The research presented here is focused Sandia’s efforts for the development of phosphate-based cement fillers. Molten metal filler research is an ongoing activity at Oak Ridge National Laboratories and is not discussed herein. After the completion of the FY20 research effort the following cement filler compositions were selected for further experimental development work and advanced testing in FY21: 1. Aluminum phosphate cements (APCs); more specifically aluminum oxide / aluminum phosphate (Al2O3 / AlPO4) cements in which Al2O3 serves as the filler material bound by an AlPO4 binder formed by the reaction of Al2O3 with various phosphate sources; 2. Wollastonite phosphate cements (WPCs), specifically wollastonite and aluminum or calcium aluminum phosphates in which CaSiO3 serves as the filler material bound by a calcium phosphate that serves as the binder; and 3. Calcium aluminate phosphate cements (CAPCs) specifically grossite (CaAl4O7) and hibonite (CaAl11O18) fillers bound by an aluminum phosphate that serves as the binder. This effort focused on the optimization and subsequent processing of these three cements to achieve dense and well-consolidated monolithic samples. Upon completion of the FY21 effort the aluminum phosphate cements (APCs) and the calcium aluminate phosphate cements (CAPCs) show the most promise for advanced testing and scale up. We will begin the work in FY22 focused on testing the performance of these two cements in small scale DPCs as well as advanced materials testing to evaluate cement performance under expected radiation doses and representative post-closure geochemical environments.