Enabling fully predictive simulations using disruptive computational mechanics and novel diagnostics

A female engineer
Sandia Researcher Rekha Rao

Accurately capturing solidification of fluids and the development of residual stress is critical for fully predictive simulations for numerous applications in geoscience, nuclear safety, manufacturing, energy production, and bioscience. Researchers on this LDRD project developed, implemented, and demonstrated advanced constitutive models with yield stress to represent both fluid and solid behavior simultaneously. They also presented results from literature models and demonstrated the first finite element results for the Kamani Donley-Rogers model that was developed by Sandia Alliance partners at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (Illinois).  

Predictions were compared to novel experimental results of gravitational settling of yield stress fluids in a Hele-Shaw cell. Both experiments and simulations showed solidification in regions of low applied stress near free surfaces and far from the inlet. These improved models for the birthing of residual stress will substantially improve predictions of Sandia’s encapsulation processes.  

This project resulted in five publications consisting of one in Physical Review Letters in 2021, two in the Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics (1) (2), and the Physics of Fluids in 2022, and one in the Journal of Rheology in 2023. Additionally, this Sandia team had numerous collaborators from industry (3M, Proctor and Gamble), the government (U.S. Army Engineering R&D Center), and Sandia Alliance partners from Illinois, University of New Mexico, Georgia Tech, and the University of Utah.  


Stress birth and death of a fluid-to-solid transaction: (left) fluid birth, and (right) the solid transaction.
Stress birth and death of a fluid-to-solid transaction: (left) fluid birth, and (right) the solid transaction.  

Sandia researchers linked to work 

  • Rekha Rao
  • Kevin Nicholas Long 
  • Victor Brunini 
  • Samuel R. Subia 
  • Anne Grillet 
  • Christine Cardinal Roberts 

Sponsored by

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Associated Publications

Rekha Rao, Joshua McConnell, Anne Grillet, Anthony McMaster, Helen Cleaves, Christine Roberts, Weston Ortiz, Robert Secor, Pania Newell, Bikash Dey, Simon Rogers, Gavin Donley, Krutarth Kamani, Jimmy Griebler, (2022). Stress Birth and Death: Disruptive Computational Mechanics and Novel Diagnostics for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions https://doi.org/10.2172/1893238 Publication ID: 80376

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, William Scherzinger, Chet Vignes, Benjamin Reedlunn, (2022). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.10 https://doi.org/10.2172/1886124 Publication ID: 80147

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, Jessica Kruichak, (2022). Study of alkaline carbonate cooling to mitigate Ex-Vessel molten corium accidents Nuclear Engineering and Design https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.111752 Publication ID: 80650

Brian Lester, Chet Vignes, William Scherzinger, Kevin Long, Benjamin Reedlunn, Kenneth Cundiff, (2022). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAM) 5.8 https://doi.org/10.2172/1871770 Publication ID: 80829

Kevin Long, Craig Hamel, (2022). Stabilized Hyperfoam Modeling of the General Plastics EF4003 (3 PCF) Flexible Foam https://doi.org/10.2172/1870771 Publication ID: 80815

Brian Lester, William Scherzinger, Kevin Long, Chet Vignes, Benjamin Reedlunn, (2022). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering ((LAMÉ) 5.6 https://doi.org/10.2172/1856672 Publication ID: 80542

Chaoqian Luo, Christopher Chung, Christopher Yakacki, Kevin Long, Kai Yu, (2022). Real-Time Alignment and Reorientation of Polymer Chains in Liquid Crystal Elastomers ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c20082 Publication ID: 77148

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, William Scherzinger, Benjamin Reedlunn, Chet Vignes, (2021). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.4 https://doi.org/10.2172/1837150 Publication ID: 77188

Joshua McConnell, Anthony McMaster, Anne Grillet, Rekha Rao, Weston Ortiz, (2021). Numerical simulations of free-surface flows of a Carbopol solution https://doi.org/10.2172/1896362 Publication ID: 76563

Anne Grillet, Joshua McConnell, Anthony McMaster, Rajkumar Bhakta, Rekha Rao, Pania Newell, Weston Ortiz, (2021). Computational models and experimental studies of mold filling in thin channels with yield stress fluids https://doi.org/10.2172/1890891 Publication ID: 76096

Brian Lester, William Scherzinger, Kevin Long, Chet Vignes, (2021). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.2 https://doi.org/10.2172/1819997 Publication ID: 75608

Kenneth Cundiff, Kevin Long, Jamie Kropka, Shianne Carroll, Catherine Groves, (2021). Constitutive Model Development for Aging Polymer Encapsulants (ASC P&EM FY2021 L2 Milestone 7836) https://doi.org/10.2172/1820028 Publication ID: 75587

Dan Bolintineanu, Robert Waymel, Henry Collis, Kevin Long, E. Quintana, Sharlotte Kramer, (2021). Anisotropy evolution of elastomeric foams during uniaxial compression measured via in-situ X-ray computed tomography Materialia https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.101112 Publication ID: 73943

Joshua McConnell, Rekha Rao, Weston Ortiz, Pania Newell, (2021). Computational Models for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions in Yield Stress Fluids https://doi.org/10.2172/1878278 Publication ID: 79429

S. Montgomery, Haley Hilborn, Craig Hamel, Xiao Kuang, Kevin Long, H. Qi, (2021). The 3D printing and modeling of functionally graded Kelvin foams for controlling crushing performance Extreme Mechanics Letters https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2021.101323 Publication ID: 78193

Joshua McConnell, Rekha Rao, Weston Ortiz, Pania Newell, (2021). Computational Models for Fluid-to-Solid Transitions in Yield Stress Fluids https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1888673 Publication ID: 79478

Weston Ortiz, Rekha Rao, (2021). Polyurethane Foam Manufacturing Models Using a FEM‐Level Set‐Population Balance Approach https://doi.org/10.2172/1878723 Publication ID: 79483

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, (2021). Constitutive and Application Modeling of Glass-Ceramic Materials https://doi.org/10.2172/1881700 Publication ID: 79316

Judith Brown, Kevin Long, Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, Bradley Jones, mathias celina, Jonathan Leonard, (2021). Multiphysics Modeling Of Long-Term Aging And Deformation Mechanisms In Polyurethane Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1881719 Publication ID: 79332

Rekha Rao, Joshua McConnell, Anne Grillet, Bikash Dey, Pania Newell, Weston Ortiz, (2021). Computational models and experimental studies of mold filling in thin channels with yield stress fluids https://doi.org/10.2172/1871800 Publication ID: 78737

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, Jessica Kruichak, (2021). Using Alkaline Carbonate to Mitigate Molten Corium in Severe Nuclear Reactor Accidents https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1867127 Publication ID: 78361

Sharlotte Kramer, Dan Bolintineanu, Kevin Long, Craig Hamel, A. Frankel, Reese Jones, Laura Swiler, Kyle Johnson, (2021). Mechanics of Materials Utilizing Machine Learning: Examples at Sandia National Laboratories https://doi.org/10.2172/1867564 Publication ID: 78396

Sharlotte Kramer, Robert Waymel, E. Quintana, Dan Bolintineanu, Kevin Long, Craig Hamel, John Miers, (2021). Characterization of Elastomeric Polyurethane Foam of Various Densities https://doi.org/10.2172/1867993 Publication ID: 78418

Jessica Kopatz, B. Sanborn, Justin Wagner, Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, (2021). Thermomechanical Behavior of Polyurea Nanocomposites https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1866036 Publication ID: 78262

Dan Bolintineanu, A. Frankel, Craig Hamel, Kevin Long, Sharlotte Kramer, (2021). Machine learned constitutive models for foam mechanics and powder rheology https://doi.org/10.2172/1863182 Publication ID: 78015

Chaoqian Luo, Christopher Chung, Nicholas Traugutt, Christopher Yakacki, Kevin Long, Kai Yu, (2021). 3D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams for Enhanced Energy Dissipation under Mechanical Insult ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c17538 Publication ID: 74989

Brian Lester, William Scherzinger, Kevin Long, Benjamin Reedlunn, Chet Vignes, (2021). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 5.0 https://doi.org/10.2172/1817324 Publication ID: 77514

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Weston Ortiz, (2021). Computational Models of Polyurethane Foam Formation for Property Prediction https://doi.org/10.2172/1860459 Publication ID: 77817

Rekha Rao, Kevin Long, Judith Brown, Christine Roberts, Brad Jones, Mathew Celina, Jonathan Leonard, (2021). Multiphysics Modeling of Coupled Chemical-Thermal-Mechanical Phenomena in Chemically Blown Polyurethane Foams during Manufacturing & Aging https://doi.org/10.2172/1847462 Publication ID: 77350

Joshua McConnell, Rekha Rao, Anne Grillet, James Sutherland, Pania Newell, Weston Ortiz, (2021). Numerical study of an elastoviscoplastic mold filling experiment https://doi.org/10.2172/1847464 Publication ID: 77352

Kyle Karlson, Kevin Long, Jay Dike, (2021). Material Models and Credibility for System Level Abnormal Mechanical ModSim Applications https://doi.org/10.2172/1769547 Publication ID: 77304

Judith Brown, Rekha Rao, Kevin Long, Christine Roberts, Bradley Jones, Mathew Celina, Jonathan Leonard, (2020). Multiphysics Modeling Of Long-Term Aging And Deformation Mechanisms In Polyurethane Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1835005 Publication ID: 72100

Rekha Rao, Josh McConnell, Weston Ortiz, Anne Grillet, Christine Robert, Pania Newell, (2020). Computational models for fluid-to-solid transitions in yield stress fluids (flash version) https://doi.org/10.2172/1881718 Publication ID: 71800

Rekha Rao, Josh McConnell, Weston Ortiz, Anne Grillet, Christine Robert, Pania Newell, (2020). Computational models for fluid-to-solid transitions in yield stress fluids https://doi.org/10.2172/1830993 Publication ID: 71677

Chaoqian Luo, Christpher Chung, Nicholas Traugutt, Christopher Yakacking, Kai Yu, Kevin Long, (2020). 3D Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams for Enhanced Energy Dissipation https://doi.org/10.2172/1825592 Publication ID: 71187

Maher Salloum, Kyle Karlson, Helena Jin, Judith Brown, Dan Bolintineanu, Kevin Long, (2020). Comparing field data using Alpert multi-wavelets Computational Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-020-01878-2 Publication ID: 74292

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Weston Ortiz, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, (2020). Bubble-size Experiments and Predictions for Polyurethane Foam using a Population Balance Equation https://doi.org/10.2172/1829227 Publication ID: 71493

Anne Grillet, Anthony McMaster, Christine Roberts, Jonathan Leonard, Rekha Rao, (2020). Local Arrest of Carbopol Gel in a Quasi Two-Dimensional Flow https://doi.org/10.2172/1829261 Publication ID: 71534

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, William Scherzinger, Chet Vignes, Benjamin Reedlunn, (2020). Library of Advanced Materials for Engineering (LAMÉ) 4.58 https://doi.org/10.2172/1673814 Publication ID: 71011

Craig Hamel, Kevin Long, Robert Waymel, Sharlotte Kramer, Michael Neilsen, (2020). An Isotropic Large Deformation Viscoplastic Damage Model for Flexible Foams Across a Range of Relative Densities https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1822286 Publication ID: 70921

Kevin Long, Craig Hamel, Robert Waymel, Dan Bolintineanu, E. Quintana, Sharlotte Kramer, (2020). Constitutive Modeling of Anisotropic Flexible Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1822629 Publication ID: 70971

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, (2020). Modeling of Glass-Ceramic Materials and Applications https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.5f5f8e69aa777f8ba5bd601d Publication ID: 74819

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, (2020). Glass-Ceramic Material Modeling: Theory Implementation and Application https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1821077 Publication ID: 74856

S. Montgommery, Haley Hilborn, Craig Hamel, Xiao Kuang, Kevin Long, H. Qi, (2020). The modelling and 3D printing of functionally graded foams for tunable crushing performance https://doi.org/10.2172/1824732 Publication ID: 71103

Rekha Rao, Peter Schunk, Scott Roberts, Kris Tjiptowidjojo, Weston Ortiz, Richard Martin, Andrew Cochrane, Robert Secor, (2020). Goma History and Capabilities Seminar https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1814577 Publication ID: 74595

Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, Weston Ortiz, (2020). Polyurethane foam process models using a population balance method https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1818853 Publication ID: 74742

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, (2020). Modular Linear Thermoviscoelastic Model https://doi.org/10.2172/1619910 Publication ID: 73486

Christine Roberts, Kevin Long, Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Melissa Soehnel, (2020). Material Models for Polyurethane Foam Encapsulation and Aging https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1767370 Publication ID: 72731

Sharlotte Kramer, Dan Bolintineanu, E. Quintana, Robert Waymel, Kevin Long, (2020). Evolution of Microstructural Descriptors in Elastomeric Foam During Uniaxial Compression https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1768157 Publication ID: 72789

Robert Waymel, Sharlotte Kramer, Dan Bolintineanu, E. Quintana, Kevin Long, (2020). Exploring Microstructural Descriptors in Elastomeric Foams Using Digital Image Correlation and Statistical Analysis Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29986-6_6 Publication ID: 68934

Helena Jin, Brendan Croom, Bernice Mills, Xiaodong Li, Jay Carroll, Kevin Long, Judith Brown, (2020). Multiscale XCT Scans to Study Damage Mechanism in Syntactic Foam Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1640584 Publication ID: 68956

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, Jessica Kruichak, (2019). Using Alkaline Carbonate to Mitigate Molten Corium in Severe Nuclear Reactor Accidents https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1643378 Publication ID: 66917

Sharlotte Kramer, Dan Bolintineanu, Kevin Long, Robert Waymel, E. Quintana, Reese Jones, Scott Roberts, Justin Newcomer, David Stracuzzi, Laura Swiler, (2019). Mechanics of Materials Utilizing Machine Learning: Examples at Sandia National Laboratories https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1643105 Publication ID: 66123

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Mathew Celina, Weston Ortiz, James Tinsley, (2019). Foam process models for polyurethane including blowing and curing kinetics https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1646450 Publication ID: 66451

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, Jessica Kruichak, (2019). Using Alkaline Carbonate to Mitigate Molten Corium in Severe Nuclear Reactor Accidents https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1643241 Publication ID: 66198

Brendan Croom, Helena Jin, Jay Carroll, Kevin Long, Xiaodong Li, (2019). Particle clustering effects on damage mechanisms in elastomeric syntactic foams Composites Part B: Engineering https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107160 Publication ID: 60231

Christine Roberts, Jonathan Leonard, Ashley Maes, Anne Grillet, Rekha Rao, (2019). Simultaneous Raman and Rheology Measurements for Reaction and Stress Monitoring https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1642941 Publication ID: 65803

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, K. Ross, Jessica Kruichak, William Chavez, (2019). A New Method to Contain Molten Corium in Catastrophic Nuclear Reactor Accidents https://doi.org/10.2172/1573134 Publication ID: 65981

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, (2019). Constitutive Modeling of Glass-Ceramic Materials https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1643041 Publication ID: 66001

Rekha Rao, Weston Ortiz, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, (2019). Bubble-size Predictions for Polyurethane Foam using a Population Balance Equation https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1642895 Publication ID: 65785

Yinan Lu, Jay Carroll, Kevin Long, Rong Long, (2019). Failure of brittle micro-spherical shells embedded in elastomer matrix under indentation Composites Part B: Engineering https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.05.081 Publication ID: 64150

Rekha Rao, Anne Grillet, Christine Roberts, (2019). Diagnostics and Models for Birthing Stress https://doi.org/10.2172/1568987 Publication ID: 65282

Brian Lester, Kevin Long, (2019). Numerical Integration of Viscoelastic Models https://doi.org/10.2172/1567985 Publication ID: 65267

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Mathew Celina, James Tinsley, (2019). Polyurethane Foam Process Modeling: Foaming and Curing in a Complex Mold https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1645873 Publication ID: 64653

Z. Liu, Jonathan Clausen, Rekha Rao, C. Aidun, (2019). A unified analysis of nano-to-microscale particle dispersion in tubular blood flow Physics of Fluids https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5110604 Publication ID: 70561

Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, David Noble, James Tinsley, (2019). Finite Element Modeling and Flow Visualization of Polyurethane Foaming and Curing in a Complex Mold https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1641396 Publication ID: 70137

Christine Roberts, Ashley Maes, Anne Grillet, Rekha Rao, (2019). Simultaneous Raman and Rheology Measurements forReaction and Stress Monitoring https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1640603 Publication ID: 68916

Kevin Long, Jamie Kropka, (2019). Assessing Sandia?s Capability to Predict Long-Term Physical Aging of Glassy Polymers https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1639762 Publication ID: 68064

Rekha Rao, Jonathan Clausen, Justin Wagner, Kimberly Butler, Dan Bolintineanu, Leo Liu, Cyrus Aidun, Richard Martin, (2019). Multiscale Modeling of Nanoparticle Transport in the Vasculature: Upscaling Red-Blood Cell Models to the Continuum Scale https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1639568 Publication ID: 67750

Richard Martin, Kristianto Tjiptowidjojo, Weston Ortiz, Rekha Rao, (2019). Finite element simulations of viscoelastic flow of blade coating using the log-conformation tensor Computers and Fluids https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.12.001 Publication ID: 61986

Jamie Kropka, Gabriel Arechederra, Kelsey Wilson, John McCoy, Craig Tenney, Kevin Long, (2019). Chemical and Physical Aging of Epoxies https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1639226 Publication ID: 66965

Craig Tenney, Kevin Long, Jamie Kropka, (2019). Predictions of Yield Strength Evolution Due to Physical Aging of 828 DGEBA/DEA using the Simplified Potential Energy Clock Model https://doi.org/10.2172/1498246 Publication ID: 67245

Alec Kucala, Rekha Rao, Lindsay Erickson, (2019). A computational model for molten corium spreading and solidification Computers and Fluids https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.11.009 Publication ID: 58683

Zixiang Liu, Jonathan Clausen, Rekha Rao, Cyrus Aidun, (2019). Nanoparticle diffusion in sheared cellular blood flow Journal of Fluid Mechanics https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.320 Publication ID: 67980

Jamie Kropka, Gabriel Arechederra, Kelsey Wilson, John McCoy, Craig Tenney, Kevin Long, (2018). Chemical and Physical Aging of Epoxies https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1761174 Publication ID: 60534

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, Jessica Kruichak, William Chavez, (2018). Inectable Sacrificial Material Safety System to Mitigate Molten Corium in Containment https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1761358 Publication ID: 60643

Jonathan Clausen, Zixiang Liu, Dan Bolintineanu, Jeremy Lechman, Justin Wagner, Kimberly Butler, Rekha Rao, Cyrus Aidun, (2018). Analysis of nanoparticle transport in blood flow through microvascular bifurcations https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1806962 Publication ID: 60274

Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Tyler Voskuilen, Jamie Kropka, Mathew Celina, James Tinsley, (2018). Models of polyurethane foam formation https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574598 Publication ID: 60145

Kevin Long, Jay Carroll, Zachary Casias, Huiqing Jin, Judith Brown, rong long, Yinan Lu, (2018). Mechanical Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Glass Microballoon Filled Elastomers https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574606 Publication ID: 60154

Jamie Kropka, Gabriel Arechederra, Kelsey Wilson, John McCoy, Kevin Long, Craig Tenney, (2018). Chemical and Physical Aging of Epoxies https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1594274 Publication ID: 59423

Kevin Long, Jay Carroll, Zachary Casias, Huiqing Jin, Judith Brown, (2018). Mechanical Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Glass Microballoon Filled Elastomers https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1594276 Publication ID: 59427

Robert Waymel, E. Quintana, Sharlotte Kramer, Kevin Long, Dan Bolintineanu, (2018). Using X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography and Digital Volume Correlation to Investigate the Microstructure of Elastomeric Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1592680 Publication ID: 59775

Rekha Rao, Justin Wagner, Kimberly Butler, Jonathan Clausen, Richard Martin, Leo Liu, (2018). Continuum Modeling of Nanoparticles Transport In Vivo Through Bifurcations https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1806913 Publication ID: 59529

Zixiang Liu, Yuanzheng Zhu, Rekha Rao, Jonathan Clausen, Cyrus Aidun, (2018). Nanoparticle transport in cellular blood flow Computers and Fluids https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.03.022 Publication ID: 63325

Rekha Rao, Kevin Long, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kyle Johnson, (2018). Manufacturing Induced Residual Stress Development and Deformation in PMDI-10 Structural Foam https://doi.org/10.2172/1466109 Publication ID: 63780

Rekha Rao, Weston Ortiz, (2018). A Comparison of Viscoelastic Level Set Formulations: Property Averaging versus Equation Averaging https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1806534 Publication ID: 63308

Alec Kucala, Rekha Rao, Lindsay Erickson, David Noble, (2018). A Control Volume Finite Element Approach for Modeling Molten Corium Spreading and Solidification https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1570950 Publication ID: 63158

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, Jessica Kruichak, (2018). Injectable Sacrifical Material System to Contain Ex-Vessel Molten Corium in Nuclear Accidents https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1532639 Publication ID: 62941

Jamie Kropka, Kevin Long, (2018). Predicting the counter-intuitive stress relaxation behavior of glass forming materials Polymer https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.050 Publication ID: 63981

Huiqing Jin, Bernice Mills, Kevin Nelson, Jay Carroll, Kevin Long, Judith Brown, Brendan Croom, Xiaodong Li, (2018). Using X-ray Tomography and DVC to Study Damage Evolution in Syntactic Foam https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1529206 Publication ID: 62721

Judith Brown, Kevin Long, (2018). Exemplar for simulation challenges: Large-deformation micromechanics of Sylgard 184/glass microballoon syntactic foams https://doi.org/10.2172/1436920 Publication ID: 61951

Jamie Kropka, Kevin Long, (2018). Counter-Intuitive Stress Relaxation Behavior of Glass Forming Materials and the Ability of Rheologically Simple ?Material Clock? Nonlinear Viscoelastic Modeling to Represent it https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1499238 Publication ID: 60993

Dan Bolintineanu, Jeremy Lechman, Stephen Bond, C. Yarrington, Robert Knepper, Sharlotte Kramer, Robert Waymel, E. Quintana, Kevin Long, (2018). Data analysis of heterogeneous materials: applications to energetic materials and polymer foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1504826 Publication ID: 61330

Huiqing Jin, Brendan Croom, Xiaodong Li, Jay Carroll, Kevin Nelson, Kevin Long, Judith Brown, (2018). Using X-ray Tomography and DVC to Study Damage Evolution in Syntactic Foam https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1498218 Publication ID: 60856

David Louie, Yifeng Wang, Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, Jessica Kruichak, (2018). Injectable sacrificial material system to contain ex-vessel molten corium in nuclear accidents International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Proceedings, ICONE https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1648662 Publication ID: 58616

Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Jeremy Lechman, Joseph Romero, Carlos Jove-Colon, E. Quintana, Stephen Bauer, Mathew Ingraham, (2017). Simulations of the effects of proppant placement on the conductivity and mechanical stability of hydraulic fractures International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2017.10.014 Publication ID: 47387

Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, James Tinsley, (2017). Validation Experiment: Foaming and Filling a Complex Clear Mold https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1489046 Publication ID: 54783

Judith Brown, Kevin Long, Jay Carroll, Huiqing Jin, (2017). Modeling Damage Evolution in Glass Microballoon Filled Syntactic Foams Under Large-Strain Confined and Unconfined Compression https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1482296 Publication ID: 54127

Jamie Kropka, Kurtis Ford, Kevin Long, (2017). Modeling Physical Aging with The Simplified Potential Energy Clock Model https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1482308 Publication ID: 54141

Rekha Rao, Kevin Long, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kyle Johnson, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Tyler Voskuilen, Lisa Mondy, James Tinsley, (2017). A Bubble-Scale Continuum Approach to Foam Expansion and Bubble Pressurization https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1485017 Publication ID: 54499

Kevin Long, Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Shayna Begay, James Tinsley, (2017). Inverse Mold Design To Accommodate Manufacturing Warpage in Chemically Blown PMDI Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1485022 Publication ID: 54506

Kevin Long, Jamie Kropka, Mark Stavig, Brad Jones, (2017). Cure Stress Measurements and Modeling Under Confined and Unconfined Conditions https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1485023 Publication ID: 54507

Scott Roberts, Alexander Headley, Kevin Long, Adam Martinez, Christine Roberts, Mark Stavig, (2017). Thermal and mechanical response of battery insulation materials https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1477933 Publication ID: 53517

Rekha Rao, Jonathan Clausen, Scott Roberts, Jeremy Lechman, Justin Wagner, Kimberly Butler, Dan Bolintineanu, C. Brinker, Leo Liu, (2017). Continuum modeling of Nanoparticle Transport in the Vasculature https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1477917 Publication ID: 53541

Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, AMy Kaczmarowski, Kris Tjiptowidjojo, (2017). Encapsulation and Porous Imbibition Models of Curing Epoxy https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1480186 Publication ID: 53613

Kevin Long, (2017). The Mechanics of Glass Microballoon Filled Elastomeric Syntactic Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479038 Publication ID: 53660

Steven Owen, Steven Owen, Judith Brown, Kevin Long, Hojun Lim, Corey Ernst, (2017). Hex Mesh Generation for Computational Materials Modeling https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1509955 Publication ID: 53409

Huiqing Jin, Jay Carroll, Kevin Long, Bernice Mills, Judith Brown, Brendan Croom, Xiaodong Li, (2017). Damage Evolution Of GMBs in Syntactic Foam https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1481346 Publication ID: 53976

Jamie Kropka, Kevin Long, (2017). Counter-Intuitive Stress Relaxation Behavior of Glass Forming Materials and the Ability of Sandia?s ?Material Clock? Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model to Represent it https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1466533 Publication ID: 58134

Judith Brown, Daniel Steck, Judith Brown, Kevin Long, (2017). Effect of Microstructure Constraints on the Homogenized Elastic Constants of Elastomeric Sylgard/GMB Syntactic Foam https://doi.org/10.2172/1376285 Publication ID: 58082

Rekha Rao, Jonathan Clausen, Leo Liu, Cyrus Aidun, (2017). A Lattice-Bolzmann based multiscale approach for simulating nanoparticle transport in cellular blood flow https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1464092 Publication ID: 57848

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Kevin Long, Mathew Celina, Nicholas Wyatt, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Victor Brunini, (2017). The kinetics of polyurethane structural foam formation: Foaming and polymerization AIChE Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.15680 Publication ID: 50633

Rekha Rao, Alec Kucala, David Noble, Yifeng Wang, J. Templeton, David Louie, (2017). Computational Models for Molten Corium Flow and Reaction with Concrete https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1506917 Publication ID: 57331

Steven Owen, Judith Brown, Corey Ernst, Hojun Lim, Kevin Long, (2017). Hexahedral Mesh Generation for 3D Computational Materials Modeling https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1574184 Publication ID: 56623

Judith Brown, Kevin Long, (2017). Modeling the Effect of Glass Microballoon (GMB) Volume Fraction on Behavior of Sylgard/GMB Composites https://doi.org/10.2172/1367414 Publication ID: 56224

Kevin Long, Kyle Fenton, Christine Roberts, Dennis Wong, Anne Grillet, Alexander Headley, David Ingersoll, (2017). Open stack thermal battery tests https://doi.org/10.2172/1411884 Publication ID: 55859

Kevin Long, Judith Brown, (2017). A Linear Viscoelastic Model Calibration of Sylgard 184 https://doi.org/10.2172/1365535 Publication ID: 56085

Kevin Long, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Troyer, Rekha Rao, (2017). Inverse Mold Design To Accommodate Manufacturing Warpage in Chemically Blown PMDI Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1456535 Publication ID: 55840

Kevin Long, (2017). Damage in Glass Microballoon Filled Syntactic Elastomeric Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1456424 Publication ID: 55645

Jamie Kropka, Kevin Long, (2017). Counter-Intuitive Stress Relaxation Behavior of Glass Forming Materials and the Ability of Sandia?s ?Material Clock? Nonlinear Viscoelastic Model to Represent it https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426542 Publication ID: 55295

Rekha Rao, Jonathan Clausen, Jeremy Lechman, Mark Ferraro, Scott Roberts, David Noble, Justin Wagner, Kimberly Butler, C. Brinker, (2017). Towards Modeling Biodistribution of Nanoparticles in Vivo https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1455360 Publication ID: 54815

Judith Brown, Kevin Long, Bradley Huddleston, Huiqing Jin, Jay Carroll, (2016). Micromechanics of Damage in Glass Microballoon Filled Syntactic Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1420814 Publication ID: 47898

Huiqing Jin, Jay Carroll, Bernice Mills, Kevin Long, (2016). Damage Evolution Study and Volumetric Deformation Measurement of Sylgard https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1408961 Publication ID: 47729

Rekha Rao, Kevin Long, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kyle Johnson, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Tyler Voskuilen, (2016). Polyurethane Foam Expansion Polymerization and Bubble Pressurization https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410142 Publication ID: 47793

Nicholas Wyatt, Nicholas Giron, Kevin Long, Mathew Celina, Matthew Neidigk, (2016). Quantifying the Effects of Aging on the Viscoelastic Behavior of Flexible Polyurethane Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1409900 Publication ID: 47815

Mark Stavig, Jamie Kropka, Amy Kaczmarowski, Kevin Long, (2016). Measuring The Cure Shrinkage of Epon(r) 828/T403 Epoxy Through Bi-Material Beam Analysis https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1410214 Publication ID: 47863

Rekha Rao, Christine Roberts, Lisa Mondy, Melissa Soehnel, Kyle Johnson, Henry Lorenzo, (2016). Modeling Manufacturing Impacts on Aging and Reliability of Polyurethane Foams https://doi.org/10.2172/1330196 Publication ID: 47282

Bradley Huddleston, Kevin Long, (2016). Predicting Strain in Cure Shrinkage Induced Epoxy/Metal Bilayer Beam Bending https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1406853 Publication ID: 47351

Jamie Kropka, Kevin Long, (2016). Reliability of Aging Polymer Components https://doi.org/10.2172/1562638 Publication ID: 52425

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Tyler Voskuilen, Mathew Celina, (2016). The fluid mechanics of polyurethane foam expansion and polymerization https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1376789 Publication ID: 51760

Rekha Rao, Kevin Long, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kyle Johnson, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Tyler Voskuilen, (2016). INCLUDING BUBBLE-SCALE INFORMATION IN CONTINUUM FOAM EXPANSION AND AGING MODELS https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1376831 Publication ID: 51802

Darryl Sasaki, Carlee Ashley, Steven Branda, C. Brinker, Eric Carnes, Adrienne Greene, Bernadette Hernandez-Sanchez, Oscar Negrete, Rekha Rao, Dorina Sava Gallis, Christina Ting, (2016). NanoCRISPR Grand Challenge LDRD ? Targeted Delivery of Medical Countermeasures https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1529805 Publication ID: 51625

Bradley Huddleston, Kevin Long, Judith Brown, (2016). RVE Determination for the Microstructural Analysis of a Syntactic Foam https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1373176 Publication ID: 51340

Rekha Rao, Peter Schunk, Daniel Hariprasad, Weston Ortiz, Kris Tjiptowidjojo, Robert Secor, (2016). 3D Viscoelastic Flow with Free and Moving Boundaries Using a Stabilized Finite Element Method https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1372203 Publication ID: 51125

Kevin Long, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Lisa Mondy, Kyle Johnson, Rekha Rao, (2016). Depressurization and Warpage in Fast Curing Glassy PMDI Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1372763 Publication ID: 51198

Mathew Ingraham, Dan Bolintineanu, E. Quintana, Stephen Bauer, Rekha Rao, Anne Grillet, Jeremy Lechman, (2016). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture of Marcellus Shale https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1367783 Publication ID: 50818

Kevin Long, Bradley Huddleston, Mark Stavig, Jamie Kropka, (2016). Measuring The Cure Shrinkage Epon(r) 828/T403 Epoxy Through Bi-Material Beam Analysis https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1368649 Publication ID: 50604

Bradley Trembacki, Scott Roberts, Hector Mendoza, Kevin Long, Victor Brunini, Anne Grillet, David Noble, (2016). Mesoscale Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes: Computational Requirements and the Role of Polymeric Binders https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1368850 Publication ID: 50242

Kevin Long, Jamie Kropka, Mark Stavig, Haoran Deng, Amy Kaczmarowski, (2016). Measurements and Inverse Modeling of Cure Shrinkage in Filled and Unfilled Epoxies https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1365123 Publication ID: 49480

Kevin Long, Christine Roberts, Lisa Mondy, Rekha Rao, (2016). Depressurization and Warpage in Glassy PMDI Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1581550 Publication ID: 49304

Mathew Ingraham, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Stephen Bauer, E. Quintana, Jeremy Lechman, (2016). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture of Marcellus Shale https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1365308 Publication ID: 49660

Jamie Kropka, Gabriel Arechederra, John McCoy, Kevin Long, (2016). Evolution of Yield Stress during Structural Relaxation for the DGEBA-DEA Epoxy Thermoset https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346881 Publication ID: 48776

Jamie Kropka, Jasmine Hoo, Gabriel Arechederra, Riley Reprogle, Brian Wisler, John McCoy, Kevin Long, (2016). Relaxation Characteristics of 828DEA Epoxy Over Long Time Periods https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346883 Publication ID: 48778

Jamie Kropka, Kevin Long, (2016). Can Stress Relaxation Experiments be used to Assess Deformation Induced Mobility in Glassy Polymers? https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1346896 Publication ID: 48794

Mathew Ingraham, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Stephen Bauer, E. Quintana, Jeremy Lechman, (2016). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture of Marcellus Shale https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1344729 Publication ID: 48457

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Mathew Celina, (2016). THE FLUID MECHANICS OF POLYURETHANE FOAM EXPANSION AND POLYMERIZATION https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1341370 Publication ID: 46832

Mathew Ingraham, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, E. Quintana, Stephen Bauer, Jeremy Lechman, (2015). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture and Proppant Injection https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1336281 Publication ID: 41945

Rekha Rao, Mathew Ingraham, Dan Bolintineanu, Anne Grillet, Jeremy Lechman, E. Quintana, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Stephen Bauer, (2015). Millifluidic Experiments and Models to Elucidate Proppant Flow in Idealized Fractures https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1331849 Publication ID: 46490

Lisa Mondy, Amy Kaczmarowski, Rekha Rao, Anne Grillet, Haoran Deng, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, John Bower, Carlton Brooks, Stephen Altobelli, (2015). Experiments to characterize particle flotation in a curing epoxy [PowerPoint] https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1338013 Publication ID: 46088

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Mathew Celina, James Tinsley, (2015). Predicting Density Variation from Polyurethane Process Modeling https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333260 Publication ID: 46092

Rekha Rao, Peter Schunk, (2015). A Galerkin least squares approach to viscoelastic flow https://doi.org/10.2172/1223166 Publication ID: 45939

Kevin Long, Hector Mendoza, Scott Roberts, Victor Brunini, Anne Grillet, (2015). Mechanical Deformation of Lithium-Ion Electrode Networks using Reconstructed Microstructures https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1330313 Publication ID: 46254

Kevin Long, Jay Carroll, Kurtis Ford, Mark Stavig, (2015). Investigating the Mechanics of Sylgard with Crushable Fillers https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1330314 Publication ID: 46255

Christine Roberts, Kevin Long, Lisa Mondy, Haoran Deng, Mark Stavig, Mathew Celina, Melissa Soehnel, Rekha Rao, (2015). Measuring and modeling the dimensional stability of high density polyurethane foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1576144 Publication ID: 46271

Anne Grillet, Thomas Humplik, Emily Stirrup, Chelsea Snyder, Christopher Apblett, Kyle Fenton, David Barringer, Hector Mendoza, Scott Roberts, Kevin Long, (2015). The role of polymer composite binder on mechanics and performance of lithium ion battery electrodes https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1334924 Publication ID: 46023

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Mathew Ingraham, Samuel Subia, Matthew Hopkins, Dan Bolintineanu, Jeremy Lechman, Steve Altobelli, (2015). Continuum Models of Suspension Flow:From Manufacturing to Proppants https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1324589 Publication ID: 45434

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, David Noble, Victor Brunini, Christine Roberts, Kevin Long, Melissa Soehnel, Mathew Celina, Nicholas Wyatt, Kyle Thompson, (2015). A kinetic approach to modeling the manufacture of high density strucutral foam: Foaming and polymerization https://doi.org/10.2172/1222534 Publication ID: 45723

Scott Roberts, Christine Roberts, Martin Nemer, Rekha Rao, (2015). Drop Circulation in Hele Shaw Flow https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1340031 Publication ID: 44552

Mathew Ingraham, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Stephen Bauer, E. Quintana, Jeremy Lechman, (2015). Laboratory Scale Hydraulic Fracture and Proppant Injection https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1327493 Publication ID: 44816

Rekha Rao, David Noble, Lisa Mondy, Victor Brunini, Christine Roberts, Scott Roberts, (2015). Hybrid ALE-Level Set and ALE-CDFEM Approaches to Modeling Foaming in Punch Molds https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1279668 Publication ID: 44716

Rekha Rao, David Noble, Lisa Mondy, Victor Brunini, Christine Roberts, Scott Roberts, (2015). A Hybrid ALE-Level Set Approach to Modeling Foaming in Punch Molds https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1279670 Publication ID: 44718

Mathew Ingraham, Stephen Bauer, E. Quintana, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Jeremy Lechman, (2015). Effect of proppant on maintaining permeability in a fractured shale https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256273 Publication ID: 43780

Mathew Ingraham, Stephen Bauer, E. Quintana, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Jeremy Lechman, (2015). Effect of proppant on maintaining permeability in fractured shale https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1268975 Publication ID: 44043

Jay Carroll, Kevin Long, Lisa Deibler, Kurtis Ford, (2015). Mechanical Behavior and Damage Mechanisms of Encapsulant-filled Elastomers https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256558 Publication ID: 43819

Kevin Long, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Haoran Deng, Mark Stavig, Mathew Celina, Melissa Soehnel, Rekha Rao, (2015). Measuring and Modeling the Dimensional Stability of High Density Polyurethane Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256252 Publication ID: 43735

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Melissa Soehnel, Kevin Long, Victor Brunini, David Noble, Mathew Celina, (2015). A Reaction Kinetics Approach to Polyurethane Foam Expansion and Polymerization https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256254 Publication ID: 43739

Lisa Mondy, Lothar Bieg, Scott Spangler, Mark Stavig, John Schroeder, Rekha Rao, Christopher DiAntonio, (2015). Multilayer Coextrusion of Polymer Composites to Develop Organic Capacitors International Polymer Processing https://doi.org/10.3139/217.2872 Publication ID: 35650

Hector Mendoza, Scott Roberts, Victor Brunini, Kevin Long, Anne Grillet, (2015). Mechanical Deformation of Lithium-Ion Electrode Networks using Reconstructed Microstructures https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1255001 Publication ID: 43615

Kevin Long, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, Haoran Deng, Mark Stavig, Mathew Celina, Melissa Soehnel, Rekha Rao, (2015). Measuring and Modeling the Dimensional Stability of High Density Polyurethane Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1255040 Publication ID: 43642

Jamie Kropka, Gabriel Arechederra, Riley Reprogle, Caitlyn Clarkson, John McCoy, Kevin Long, Robert Chambers, (2015). Strain Rate Dependence of Compressive Yield and Relaxation in DGEBA Epoxies https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1239263 Publication ID: 42006

Mathew Ingraham, Stephen Bauer, E. Quintana, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Jeremy Lechman, (2015). Proppant and host rock deformation in fractured shale https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1240353 Publication ID: 42308

Phillip Reu, E. Quintana, Kevin Long, (2015). Using sampling moiré to extract displacement information from X-Ray images of molten salt batteries Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06986-9_38 Publication ID: 40816

Rekha Rao, Mathew Celina, Nicholas Giron, Kevin Long, Edward Russick, (2015). Experiments to Populate and Validate a Processing Model for Polyurethane Foam: Additional Data for Structural Foams https://doi.org/10.2172/1169443 Publication ID: 41394

Mathew Ingraham, Stephen Bauer, Dan Bolintineanu, Rekha Rao, Jeremy Lechman, E. Quintana, (2014). Effect of proppant on maintaining permeability in fractured shale: Status https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1315093 Publication ID: 39919

Kevin Long, Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Christine Roberts, (2014). On The Effects of Manufacturing on the Dimensional Stability of Chemically Blown Polyurethane Foams https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1505055 Publication ID: 39534

Rekha Rao, Peter Schunk, Matthew Hopkins, Scott Roberts, (2014). Goma 6.0 https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1242112 Publication ID: 39316

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, David Noble, Mathew Celina, Scott Roberts, Bion Shelden, (2014). A Level Set Method for Foam Expansion and Property Prediction https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1315258 Publication ID: 37677

Jonathan Clausen, Scott Roberts, Mario Martinez, Kevin Long, (2014). Developing a coupled thermal-mechanical-porous model for electrolyte flow in a molten salt battery https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1497356 Publication ID: 37948

Scott Roberts, David Noble, Rekha Rao, (2014). Improved Level-Set Algorithm for High Density-Ratio and Variable Density Flows https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1496682 Publication ID: 37595

Christine Roberts, Carlton Brooks, Lindsey Hughes, Nicholas Wyatt, Rekha Rao, Martin Nemer, (2014). Drop mass transfer in a microfluidic chip compared to a centrifugal contactor AIChE Journal https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.14510 Publication ID: 36647

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, (2014). Finite Element Analysis to Understand Coextrusion of Filled Polymers https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1146842 Publication ID: 41044

Kevin Long, Jonathan Clausen, Mario Martinez, Edward Piekos, Anne Grillet, (2014). Towards a Coupled Multiphysics Model of Molten Salt Battery Mechanics https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1146871 Publication ID: 41113

Lisa Mondy, Rekha Rao, (2014). Modeling the Dimensional Stability of Chemically Blown Foam https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1146663 Publication ID: 41116

Lisa Mondy, Rekha Rao, Bion Shelden, Melissa Soehnel, Anne Grillet, Christine Roberts, Grant Soehnel, Nicholas Wyatt, Mathew Celina, (2014). Copy of Rheology of Polyurethane Foam during its Manufacture https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1146721 Publication ID: 40977

Rekha Rao, Kevin Long, Lisa Mondy, David Noble, Bion Shelden, Melissa Soehnel, Anne Grillet, Mathew Celina, (2014). Cradle-to-grave Modeling of Structural Foam https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1145916 Publication ID: 40881

Rekha Rao, Jamie Kropka, Edward Russick, Lisa Mondy, Kevin Long, David Noble, Bion Shelden, Anne Grillet, Mathew Celina, Melissa Soehnel, (2014). Foam Property Prediction from Process Modeling https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1706388 Publication ID: 40487

Lisa Mondy, Stephen Bauer, Michael Hileman, Kyle Thompson, Rekha Rao, Bion Shelden, Melissa Soehnel, Timothy O’Hern, Anne Grillet, Mathew Celina, Nicholas Wyatt, Edward Russick, (2014). Experiments to populate and validate a processing model for polyurethane foam. BKC 44306 PMDI-10 https://doi.org/10.2172/1177086 Publication ID: 40501

Christine Roberts, Carlton Brooks, Lindsey Hughes, Nicholas Wyatt, Rekha Rao, Martin Nemer, (2014). Copy of Copy of Drop Mass Transfer in a Microfluidic Chip Compared to a Centrifugal Contactor (Version 3) AIChE Journal https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1141766 Publication ID: 40154

Kevin Long, (2014). The mechanics of network polymers with thermally reversible linkages Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids https://doi.org/10.2172/1055641 Publication ID: 30078

Scott Roberts, Victor Brunini, Kevin Long, Anne Grillet, (2014). A framework for three-dimensional mesoscale modeling of anisotropic swelling and mechanical deformation in lithium-ion electrodes Journal of the Electrochemical Society https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0081411jes Publication ID: 37429

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Kevin Long, Mathew Celina, David Noble, Bion Shelden, (2013). Foam Property Prediction from Process Modeling https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1123285 Publication ID: 31920

Christine Roberts, Carlton Brooks, Lindsey Hughes, Nicholas Wyatt, Rekha Rao, Martin Nemer, (2013). Copy of Drop Mass Transfer in a Microfluidic Chip Compared to a Centrifugal Contactor AIChE Journal https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1123268 Publication ID: 31921

Kevin Long, (2013). Thermal-Mechanics of Network Polymers with Diels-Alder Linkages https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1143445 Publication ID: 36646

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, David Noble, Peter Schunk, (2013). Modeling Polymeric Manufacturing Flows https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1673851 Publication ID: 31670

Christine Roberts, Martin Nemer, Rekha Rao, (2013). Circulation within Confined Droplets in Hele-Shaw Channels Physics of Fluids https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1117111 Publication ID: 36482

Rekha Rao, David Noble, (2013). USNCCM-11: Computational fluid mechanics for free and moving boundary problems Computers and Fluids https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.09.023 Publication ID: 35523

Rekha Rao, Lisa Mondy, Mathew Celina, David Noble, Jonathan Clausen, Bion Shelden, Carlos Jove-Colon, (2013). Manufacturing models for foam processing https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1115039 Publication ID: 35423

Lisa Mondy, Rekha Rao, Bion Shelden, Melissa Soehnel, Mathew Celina, Nicholas Wyatt, Edward Russick, Kyle Thompson, (2013). Experimental Characterization of Polyurethane Foam Processing https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1732190 Publication ID: 35435

Rekha Rao, David Noble, Christopher Brotherton, Christine Roberts, Martin Nemer, (2013). A Comparison of the Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method to the Level Set Method for Microfluidic Flows https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1106585 Publication ID: 34598

David Noble, Rekha Rao, (2013). Improved Level-Set Algorithm for High Density-Ratio and Variable Density Flows https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1140781 Publication ID: 34706

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